Data including personal history of alcohol and smoking, age, height, weight, the follow-up duration, HbA1c, fasting blood sugar (FBS), ferritin levels, and lead and cadmium levels within one year after exposure were collected. Of them, 1,035 subjects with lead exposure, 200 subjects with cadmium exposure, and the 33,579 remaining were assigned to cohort A, cohort B, and the control cohort, respectively.
Participants: A total of 34,814 male subjects were included.Data were obtained from medical check-ups between 20.
Setting: Changwon, the location of this study, is a Korean representative industrial city.
Design: A retrospective cohort study.Objectives: To investigate the associations between heavy metal exposure and serum ferritin levels, physical measurements, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).The relationship between heavy metal exposure and type 2 diabetes: a large-scale retrospective cohort study using occupational health examinations
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